جامعة بلاد الرافدين - Bilad Alrafidain University

Prof. Dr. Amal Roshdi Ahmed (7 Research)

Assessment of Pregnant Women knowledge and attitude towards Umbilical Cord Banking and Stem Cell.
	2021	Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2021 EJH vol. 12 no. 2
"Background: Nowadays, the collection of stem cells from the blood of the umbilical cord is one of the most important topics of health sciences and new technology. However, cord blood is now considered a rich source of adult stem cells that can be used to treat many conditions and diseases. It is still a controversial topic. The current study aims to assess pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward umbilical cord banking and stem cell. Research design: Descriptive exploratory research design was adopted to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at the obstetrics &gynecology outpatient clinic at Beni-Suef University hospital in Egypt. Subjects: A convenient sample of 200 pregnant women was recruited. Tools of data collection: three tools were used for this study(1) Maternal structured interviewing questionnaire and (2) knowledge assessment questionnaire and (3) attitude assessment questionnaire. Results: It was found that 42.5%had an average level of knowledge regarding cord blood banking and stem cell with the negative attitude(67%) with no statistically significant difference (p >0.05). Besides, the sources of information were social media followed by nurses/ midwives. Conclusion: The present study concluded that despite nearly half of the pregnant women had average level knowledge but the majority of them had a negative attitude toward umbilical cord blood banking and stem cell. Recommendations: adequately planned in-service training programs related to cord blood collection and stem cells established to distribute among the pregnant women who attending the antenatal clinics. Keywords: pregnant women- awareness - umbilical cord banking and stem cell."
Effect of Antenatal Exercises on Second Stage of Labor Outcomes in Nulliparous Women
	2020	Ethno Med, 14(3-4): 139-147 (2020)
"ABSTRACT The second stage of labor (SSL) has often been neglected, leading to birthing complications, perinatal morbidities, and higher rates of cesarean section (CS) in nulliparous women. In this paper, it was aimed to determine the effect of antenatal exercises on labor outcomes in nulliparous women. Two-group posttest-only randomized study. Overall, 60 nulliparous women at their 30th to 32nd weeks of gestation were allocated into two groups randomly. Group (A) received only routine antenatal care and educational instructions till the time of delivery (n=30), while group (B) received the same routine antenatal care and educational instructions in addition to antenatal exercises till the time of delivery (n=30). Comparing both groups revealed that group (B) had a significant increase in the number of spontaneous vaginal deliveries (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in duration of SSL (p<0.05), without any need to admit their neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). KEYWORDS Antenatal Exercises. Complications. Nulliparous Women. Offspring. Second Stage of Labor "
Effect of Prenatal Education on Knowledge, Practices, and Quality of Life among Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum
	2022	Egyptian Journal of Health Care Desember 2023 EJHCVol.14 No.4
"Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe complication of pregnancy characterized by prolonged and intense nausea and vomiting, leading to dehydration, malnutrition, and decreased quality of life for affected women. Aim: To assess the effect of prenatal education on knowledge, practices, and quality of life among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Design: A quasi-experimental, one-group pre- and post-test design. Setting: The research was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (high-risk pregnancy ward) and at antenatal outpatient clinics at two hospitals: Menoufia University Hospital and Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital. Sample: purposive sample of 110 pregnant women experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum participated in the study. Tools: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a knowledge assessment sheet, a health practices assessment sheet, a modified 24-hour pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE) questionnaire, and a quality of life questionnaire. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant improvement in both knowledge (p ≤ 0.001) and healthy practices (p ≤ 0.001) post-intervention. There was also a significant reduction in the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). Participants reported positive impacts on their quality of life following the educational sessions. Conclusion: Prenatal education sessions significantly enhanced pregnant women's knowledge. Participants reported positive impacts on their quality of life following the educational sessions, which promoted healthier practices and mitigated the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of tailored educational interventions for improving outcomes for women with this challenging condition. Recommendations: The dissemination of these findings advocates for the implementation of structured prenatal education sessions targeting pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum to optimize care and enhance their quality of life. Keywords: prenatal education, knowledge, practices, quality of life, hyperemesis gravidarum "

Dr. Nadia Abd Ellatif (7 Research)

Radiotherapy-induced changes in high-density lipoproteins: implications for alzheimer's disease and oncology
	2024	Oncology and Radiotherapy journal
"High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) have an important role in the balance of cholesterol in the human body. Especially Apoliprotein E (APOE) the E4 allele, which is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease, yet we must not forget the fact that it is a major protein with a strong affinity for High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), as it is involved in the transport of lipids in both the peripheral and central nervous systems of the body. So, the aim must be defined, which is to determine the effect of the APOE genotype on HDL function Volume in the context of Alzheimer's disease. This case-control study includes 114 subjects, 60 controls and 54 patients to fulfill the aim of study. High-density lipoproteins are one of the elements that cause cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's so that, calculation and measurement of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity (CEC) as well as Lecithin and Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were done, in addition to the neurological and psychological tests in order to classify the type of dementia, magnetic resonance imaging have used to determine whether cognition is related to HDL function and size. Results showed the predominance of the ε3 allele in the sick group with frequency of the aisle ε4 in our study is twice as high in the sick group (27.80%) as in the control group (12.3%) showing a variation of 15.5%; it reaches a peak in the age group of 70years-79 years. Because the size of HDL plays an important role in determining the degree of disease and how to fight it. As all evidence indicates that High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and afferents are the main etiology of Alzheimer's disease. We were able to determine whether HDL CEC and LCAT activity were altered within a large group of APOE genetic proteins."
Physiological appraisal of glipizide in rabbits
	2024	Muthana medical journal
"Forty adult male rabbits were adopted to evaluate the squelae of the use of Glipizide. The results have revealed that streptozotocin causes significant declination in red blood cell count RBC, hemoglobin HB, packed cells volume PCV, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP, glutathione GSH, triacylglycerols TAGs, and high-density lipoprotein HDL besides a significant elevation in total white blood cells count WBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR, malondialdehyde MDA, and low-density lipoprotein LDL. Glipizide alone causes significant declination in RBC, Alanine aminotransferase AST, GSH, TAGs, and VLDL besides a significant elevation in WBC, ESR, total cholesterol TC, and LDL. Considering the use of Glipizide plus streptozotocin, it causes a significant declination in RBC, HB, PCV, GSH, and HDL besides a significant elevation in WBC, ESR, LDL, TAGs, and VLDL. Keywords: Glipizide, Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Rabbits"
Zamzam Water Surpasses Global Standards in Quality and Mineral Content
	2024	Academia Open
"This study investigates the physical, chemical, and bacteriological properties of Zamzam tap water and two popular bottled waters, ""Rounaq"" and ""Naba' Al- Rayan,"" in Diyala Governorate. Conducted at Al-Rafidain University College and the Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad, the research analyzes taste, odor, color, pH, essential minerals, and bacterial contamination. Findings indicate that Zamzam water excels in sensory qualities and contains beneficial minerals like potassium and magnesium within safe limits, with no bacterial contamination detected. These results affirm Zamzam's superior quality and underline the necessity for regular quality checks of bottled waters to ensure public health safety. Highlights: Superior Sensory Qualities: Zamzam water was notably superior in taste, odor, and color compared to the other bottled waters tested. Mineral Content and Safety: All water samples contained essential minerals like potassium and magnesium within safe limits, confirming their nutritional value and compliance with health standards. Bacterial Purity: No bacterial or pathogenic contamination was detected in any of the water samples, ensuring their safety for consumption. Keywords: Zamzam Water, Bottled Water Quality, Mineral Content, Bacteriological Safety, Sensory Properties"

Asist.Inst. Duha AbdulRahman Mohammed (3 Research)

Detection of Depression among Nurses Providing Care for Patients with COVID-19 at Baqubah Teaching Hospital
	2021	Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties
Objectives: The present study aims at detecting the depression among nurses who provide care for infected patients with corona virus phenomenon and to find out relationships between the depression and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, type of family, education, and years of experience of nurses in heath institutions, infection by corona virus, and their participation in training courses. Methodology: A descriptive study is established for a period from October 10th, 2020 to April 15th , 2021. The study is conducted on a purposive (non-probability) sample of (100) nurse who are providing care for patients with COVID-19 and they are selected from the isolation wards. The instrument of the study is developed from Patients’ Health Questionnaire (PHQ) to achieve the study objectives. Content validity of the instrument is determined through panel of experts and internal consistency reliability is obtained through pilot study. Data are collected through the use of the questionnaire and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches which are applied by using SPSS version 22. Results: The results of the present study showed that nurses who were providing care for patients with COVID-19 age group (30-39 years) )37%(, males constituent the higher percentage than female 87%, (77%) of them is married, (59%) Small family of Nurses, )64%( level of education among nurses have diploma in nursing, and they have (1-5) years of experience in heath institutions among nurses about (40%), also (61%) of nurses not sharing in epidemiological training courses, and (58%) of nurses had previous work in isolation wards, (39%) of nurses have source of information from network, duration of work in isolation wards is (83%) of nurses who are work for more than four weeks, (70%) of nurses are not infected with corona virus, (96%) of nurses are having no history of mental disorders, (54%) of nurses are not drinking alcohol and having no problem with drug abuse. By using PHQ-9, the study finds that depression among nurses is (43%). Recommendations: Psychological care counseling and guidance are necessary to increase nurses’ vulnerability and strengthen their mental health which helps to encounter any psychological burden caused by COVID 19 pandemic. Keywords: Depression, Nurses, Corona Virus Disease.
Psychological Status of Nurses Providing Care for Patients with COVID-19 at Baqubah Teaching Hospital
	2021	Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology
Abstract Objectives: The present study aims to assess the psychological status of nurses providing care for patients with COVID 19. Methodology: a descriptive correlation design used in the present study established was for a period from October 10th, 2020 to March 20th, 2021. The study was conducted on a probability (convenient) sample of 100 nurses who providing care for patients with COVID19 which were selected from isolation wards. The instruments of the study are adopted and modified for the purpose of this study, patients health questionnaire(PHQ), fear of COVID19 scale(FCS), general anxiety disorder scale(GAD). The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches which are applied by using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The majority of the study (43 percent) of nurses had minimal depression, (52 percent) had minimal anxiety, and (55percent) had minimal fear. Conclusions: The study concluded that minimal depression was prevalent among nurses who were male gender, married, and had small family. Minimal fear was significant with nurses who were not infected with COVID-19, did not have a history of psychological disorders, and highly significant among nurses who did not use any tobacco, alcohol drinking, and substance abuse. Recommendations: Emphasis should be focused on increasing the awareness through educational role of psychological misfortune COVID19 pandemic among nurses who work in isolation wards. Psychological care counselling and guidance are nessecary to increase nurses
Internet Addiction Among Middle Eastern Students Significantly Impacts Mental Health
	2024	Academia Open
Abstract Excessive internet use leads to problematic Internet usage (PIU), causing psychological, academic, and occupational issues. This study reviews 22 recent studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to assess internet addiction (IA) among Middle Eastern students and its link to anxiety and depression. The findings indicate a high prevalence of IA, significantly correlated with mental health disorders and negatively impacting academic performance. Enhanced assessment tools, a better understanding of IA's causes, and innovative interventions are needed to address this issue and mitigate its negative effects on students' mental health and academic outcomes.

Emad ayyal Muter (4 Research)

Environmental modifications and alternatives before physical restraint by nurses
	2024	Central asian j.of medical and natural sciences
"Article Environmental Modifications and Alternatives Before Physical Restraint by Nurses Emad Eyal Matter, Abbas Hamid Kamil, Hwraa Ali Mukhlif Bilad Alrafidain University College, 32001, Diyala, Iraq Correspondence: emad.eyal@gmail.com Abstract: Physical restraint alternatives can be considered as any strategy or method that is used to keep the person safe without resorting to a device or material that would limit the person's physical freedom. The main aim of the study is to assess performance of nurses toward environmental modifications and alternatives before physical restraint. A descriptive study design is carried out at Baqubah Teaching Hospital in critical care unit, from 7th October, 2023 to 22th April, 2024. The instruments were constructed by the researcher for the purpose pose of the study. Fifty nurses, who were selected by a non-probability (convenient) sampling method. Validity of the study instrument was determined through a panel of experts and reliability of the instrument was determined through Cronbach's Alpha method. The analysis of the data used was descriptive statistics and statistical inferential, in order to find the differences in the study group. The study findings indicate mean of score about environmental modifications and alternatives before physical restraint 1.12 in overall domains regarding. The study concludes most of the nurses' have unsatisfactory performance concerning environmental modifications and alternatives physical restraining at critical care patients, with subsequent reductions in the frequency of related complications among these patients. The researcher recommends that development of local policies for physical restraint use including detailed descriptions of conditions requiring its use is mandatory regarding the use of environmental modifications and alternatives of physical restraint would have added value to the results."
Investigation of Heavy Metals Absorption in plants for Safer food Production
	2024	Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology
" Investigation of Heavy Metals Absorption in Plants for Safer Food Production Emad Ayal Muter¹"", Yousif Ahmed Khalil¹ 1 Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala 32001, Iraq ABSTRACT Keywords: Toxic metals; heavy metal absorption; food production; natural soil; safety of food In this study, heavy metal contamination in food poses significant health risks to consumers. The significant problem of heavy metal accumulation in food crops, with the goals of shedding light on the factors that drive this process and coming up with strategies to make food production safer. tests under controlled settings are carried out in this study to evaluate the process of heavy metals being taken up by plants from contaminated soils. These tests include a wide range of plant species and soil conditions. The findings provide light on the complex dynamics of heavy metal absorption by plants and demonstrate the role that soil conditions and plant species play in modifying this process. When compared to the soil that served as the control, the treated soil shows a statistically significant reduction in the quantity of biomass generated by plants that are grown in it. Plants exposed to heavy metal contamination may experience stunted growth and development as a result of the presence of the contaminant. According to the findings of this research project, soil that has been altered by the treatment of sewage water tends to collect larger concentrations of heavy metals. These metals, in turn, have a detrimental impact on the physiological characteristics of the plant species that were chosen for this study. These findings highlight the need of monitoring and regulating heavy metal pollution in soils to protect the health of both agricultural systems and ecosystems. Research to help contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural techniques that are focused at ensuring food safety and safeguarding public health."
Effect of Inherited Bleeding Disorder on Some Physiological Parameters for Patients In Karbala City of Iraq
	2022	The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (October2022)Vo1.89(2),page7466-7488
" ABSTRACT Background: Severe inherited bleeding disorders are most common during early childhood. Hereditary bleeding disorder refers to a group of medical conditions that cause poor blood clotting and uncontrollable bleeding. Objective: This study aimed to report the hematological changes that may occur in patients diseased with hemophilia to help the medical team know how the body responds to treatment, and consequently decrease complications and deaths. Methods: The current study was conducted in Maternity and Pediatrics Hospital, Karbala, Iraq. The study included 100 samples of female patients infected with hemophilia and 100 samples of healthy female children within the age range of 1-18 years. Results: The current study indicated total red blood cells count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume that were significantly decreased in patients with hemophilia (p ≤ 0.05) compared to healthy children. In contrast, total white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased significantly in patients with hemophilia compared to healthy children (p ≤ 0.05). Conlcusion: Changes in hematological parameters for patients infected with hemophilia occur as a result of frequent bleeding, which is the primary sign of hemophilia. Keywords: Children, Hemophilia, Total red blood cell counts, Hemoglobin"

Professor Doctor Kareem Assi Obaid (6 Research)

Novel genetic structure harbouring blaPER-1 in ceftazidime-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Kuwait
	2014	Elsevier B. V
In 2011, an A. baumannii isolate (Kw5) was obtained from a 75-year-old patient from Amiri Hospital in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that this strain was resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefoxitin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, whereas it was susceptible to tigecycline, amikacin, colistin and minocycline. Also, Kw5 was highly resistant to ceftazidime, with an MIC of ≥256 mg/litre. The Kw5 isolate was positive for the blaOXA-23-like gene, which explains its resistance to carbapenems. An ISAba1 element was detected upstream of the blaADC-like gene. However, it was likely not to be the exclusive mechanism of resistance to ceftazidime, as the ESBL PER-1 was also detected. Its gene was located on a plasmid of ca. 140 kb. Plasmid curing using temperature as a curing agent failed even after 30 days of exposure, indicating a high stability of this element.
Outcome of low birth weight infants in Diyala province of Iraq
	2011	Journal of tropical pediatrics
Abstract Objectives: To measure birth weight-specific mortality rates in the Diyala Province of Iraq and to determine if the causes of neonatal death could identify interventions needed to reduce neonatal mortality rates. Method: We retrospectively compared the outcome of 196 neonates with birth weight 500–2499 g admitted in 2003 with 252 such neonates admitted in 2009. Results: The mortality rate in very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) increased from 12/80 (15%) in 2003 to 51/152 (33.6%) in 2009, (p = 0.003). In LBWI, 10/116 (8.6%) died in 2003 compared to 33/152 (13%) in 2009 (p = 0.29). Sepsis accounted for 35.2% of deaths in VLBWI and 39% in LBWI, Perinatal depression explained 39.2% of deaths in VLBWI and 24.2% in LBWI. Conclusion: The VLBWI mortality in the Diyala province of Iraq doubled in the last 6 years reaching 33.6% in 2009, LBWI mortality increased by 50% reaching 13%. Sepsis and perinatal depression accounted for at least two-third of the deaths.
Effect of maternal hypertension on neonatal outcome in Diyala Province, Iraq
	2013	Diyala Journal of Medicine
Abstract Background: Maternal hypertension and preeclampsia are a multisystem, highly variable disorder unique to pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. Given the progressive nature of the disorder, delivery is often necessary to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality; obstetricians must balance the need for achieving in utero fetal maturation with the maternal and fetal risks of continuing pregnancy. Objectives: To evaluate the maternal burden and neonatal outcomes of infants delivered to mothers with preeclampsia, to review the outcomes of late-preterm infants, and potential strategies to optimize fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: A cohort prospective study done in Albatool Maternity Teaching Hospital from October 2011 to April 2012 for 55 mothers coming for antenatal follow up how hypertension and preeclampsia had been followed till delivery with their delivered neonates looking for the maternal hypertension, medication, liver function, complete blood picture, complications of preeclampsia and neonatal condition at birth, weight, respiratory function, feeding, complete blood picture and liver function, small for gestational age (SGA), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and neonatal death (NND) . Results: Infants of women with preeclampsia were more likely to be SGA 27(49% ) and have RDS 6 (10.1%); Frequency of preterm delivery at <37 weeks' gestation rose greatly with increasing severity of maternal hypertension 16 (29%). Fetal distress was seen in 12 cases (21.8%) with meconium staining of liquor in 8 cases 14.5% ,33 neonates (60%) required admission for many reasons. Mothers with hypertension have high risk of ante partum hemorrhage 40(72%), 17 delivered normally (30%) while 38 delivered by caesarean section (70%). Conclusion: Compared with neonates delivered prematurely because of other etiologies, neonates born to preeclamptic mothers were more likely to be SGA and have less RDS, but had a decrease in mortality. This may be a reflection of the differences in the underlying pathophysiology behind indicated preterm birth due to preeclampsia. Key Words: Maternal hypertension, Neonatal outcome, Diyala province, Iraq.

Adnan M Ghadeer (0 Research)

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Lec. Dr. Abbas Hamid Kamil (0 Research)

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Hawraa Ali Mukhlif (0 Research)

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Msc. Aqeel saad Nayef Ahmed Altimimi (0 Research)

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ayat ibrahim marhab (1 Research)

Assessment of Radiation exposure among Healthcare providers
	2022	ournal of Research in Medical and Dental Sciences
"Radiation exposure poses a danger to both patients and healthcare personnel (HCFs). Radiographic imaging is an invaluable Although ionizing radiation and computed tomography (CT) scans are useful diagnostic tools in medicine, there are well-known risks associated with them, as do other imaging techniques. The monitoring of radiation and radiation safety for radiography professionals is an essential safety measure. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was undertaken over the duration of the study period (May 10th to August 25th,2021) in order to assess of radiation exposure among healthcare providers. Purposive sample of (120) healthcare providers were selected from five hospitals in medical city complex the sample is distributed as (44) healthcare providers from Baghdad teaching Hospital, (36) healthcare providers from Ghazi AL-Hariri Hospital, (10) healthcare providers from Tumor Teaching Hospital, (20) healthcare providers from Children’s protection Hospital, (10) healthcare providers from Radiology institute. The sample was obtained by use of two-part instruments: Th Part 1: General facts about healthcare providers in this section, you will find a self-administered questions sheet for measuring radiation exposure on healthcare providers. validity of the questionnaire to ensure its validity, the instrument was shown to sixteen nursing specialists from various specialties. The internal consist reliability determine by Cronbach Alpha correlation which was 0.79 for exposure to radiation. Descriptive statistics are used to examine the data, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations; inferential statistics include ANOVA and independent t-tests, among others. Results : showed measurement of exposure to radiation indicates that 20% (n=24) are ate moderate risk and 80% (n=96) are at low risk due to exposure, that there is significant difference in exposure to radiation with regard to male healthcare providers at p-value= 0.0.029. Key words-Assessment, Radiation exposure, Health care providers "

Dr.Yousif Ahmed Khalil (0 Research)

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Assist. prof Hussain Alwan Khalaf (2 Research)

Segmental Phenolization for the Treatment of in Growing Toenails
	2011
Abstract Background: Ingrown toe nail is a common condition which causes lot of discomfort and morbidity. Though ingrown toenail recognized since long, a satisfactory treatment remains elusive. The range of treatment is from conservative management to amputation of distal part of big toe, but the quest for the ideal procedure remains. Many of the procedures used for treating this painful condition cause considerable discomfort and have high failure rates. Objectives: Assessing the efficacy of the procedure partial excision, curate of the opposite matrix and phenolization in the treatment of the ingrown toe nail. Patients and methods: A 60 patients with ingrown toe nail managed as an outpatient has been studded prospectively for the efficacy of the procedure partial excision, curate of the opposite matrix and phenolization. The study done in diala, baquba over the period from 1996-2009. Different age groups, both males and females are included in the study. The age range was 15-60 years. Results: There was no recurrence in the sample taken,the procedure was simple ,accepted by all of the patients with excellent aesthetic results and can be achieved as an outpatient. Conclusion: Phenol cauterization is an excellent surgical method for the treatment of ingrown toenails, being simple and associated with low morbidity, high aesthetic results and a high success rate, even over the long term. Key wards: Ingrown toe nail, onchocryptosis
Non – Exploration of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery
	2014	Diyala Journal of Medicine
Background: Goiter is a common disease in Iraq and it is more common in the North .The disease is more common in females than in males. For this reason thyroid surgery is a common procedure. Many complications occur during and after surgery such as; bleeding, hypothyroidism, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.The later complication, although infrequently encountered can cause a lot of suffering to the patient. Objective: The objective of our study is assessing injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve without exploration of the nerve routinely during thyroid surgery. exploration of the nerve done for selected cases where there is increase risk to injury. Patients and method: Prospective study of 400 patients whom underwent different thyroid surgery for different thyroid diseases done by one surgeon from July 1992 to July 2012 in Baquba teaching hospital were analyzed for permanent injury to RLN , when non-exploration of the RLN is the rule. Result: from the 400 cases included in the study only 4 cases (1%) had permanent injury to the RLN, 6 cases (1.5%) had transient injury and no injury in 390 cases (97.5%). Conclusion: Exploration of the RLN is not necessarily to be done routinely during thyroid surgery. We recommend exploration of the nerve in selected thyroid diseases.

Lamyaa Ali Hussain (0 Research)

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Research Collage of Nursing